JKBOSE Class 10 Social Science Most Repeated Questions 2026–27 – History, Geography, Civics, Economics & Disaster Management
This revision set is based on the provided Class 10 Social Science PYQ analysis. It preserves the supplied subject-wise organisation and focuses on the questions identified there as repeated and high-yield. Answers below are expanded into board-exam style points for revision.
Quick Subject Index
- History – Nationalism, Industrialisation, Print Culture
- Geography – Resources, Soil, Agriculture, Energy
- Political Science – Power Sharing, Democracy, Federalism, Parties, Social Divisions
- Economics & Disaster Management – Tourism, Handloom/Handicraft, Disaster Response, J&K Minerals
1. History – Most Repeated Questions
Long Answer Questions – 4 / 5 Marks
Q1. What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
Detailed Answer
1. The revolutionaries introduced ideas and symbols that emphasised the nation and citizens rather than the old privileges of estates.
2. They adopted a new French flag, replacing the royal standard, to represent the nation.
3. The Estates General was elected and renamed the National Assembly, presenting itself as the representative body of the nation.
4. New hymns, oaths and commemorative events celebrated the nation and the Revolution.
5. Uniform laws and administrative arrangements were promoted to strengthen national unity.
6. The idea of a common national identity was strengthened through the language and symbols associated with the French nation.
Thus, revolutionary France tried to replace the older dynastic and estate-based identity with the idea of a united nation of citizens.
Q2. Why did nationalist tension emerge in the Balkans?
Detailed Answer
1. The Balkans was a region of geographical and cultural diversity with many ethnic and religious communities.
2. Much of the region had earlier been under the control of the Ottoman Empire.
3. As Ottoman power declined, different groups began demanding independence and separate nation-states.
4. Nationalist ideas encouraged communities to claim territory on the basis of language, history and culture.
5. Several Balkan states competed with one another over territory and influence.
6. European powers also competed for control and influence in the region, increasing tensions.
Therefore, the combination of rising nationalism, weakening Ottoman authority, territorial rivalry and rivalry among European powers made the Balkans a centre of nationalist tension.
Q3. Explain the 1848 revolution of the liberals and the political, social and economic ideas supported by liberals.
Detailed Answer
The 1848 revolutions were associated with demands for constitutional government, national unity and greater political rights.
Political ideas: liberals supported constitutionalism, representative government, individual freedoms and an end to autocratic rule.
Social ideas: they opposed privileges based on birth and supported equality before law and civil liberties.
Economic ideas: many liberals supported freedom of markets and removal of restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.
In the German states, elected representatives met at Frankfurt to discuss a constitution for a united Germany.
The 1848 movement therefore connected liberal political rights with demands for national unification, although many revolutionary attempts were suppressed.
Q4. Briefly trace the process of German Unification OR Italian Unification.
German Unification
1. In the German states, nationalist sentiment grew during the nineteenth century.
2. Prussia became the leading force in the unification process.
3. Otto von Bismarck used diplomacy and wars to strengthen Prussia and bring German states together.
4. Wars with Denmark, Austria and France contributed to the process.
5. In 1871, the German Empire was proclaimed at Versailles, with the Prussian king becoming German Emperor.
Thus German unification was achieved under Prussian leadership, with Bismarck playing a central role.
Italian Unification – alternative answer: Piedmont-Sardinia led the process under Cavour; Giuseppe Garibaldi and his volunteers helped bring southern territories into the movement; Victor Emmanuel II became the king of united Italy; Rome was later incorporated, completing the major phase of unification.
Q5. What were the effects of print culture on poor people, women and lower-caste workers in India?
1. Cheap printed material made ideas and information available to wider sections of society.
2. Reformers used print to discuss social inequalities, caste discrimination and the condition of women.
3. Jyotiba Phule’s Gulamgiri criticised caste oppression and became part of anti-caste intellectual activity.
4. Workers and lower-caste writers could use print to express their experiences and arguments.
5. Women’s education and social reform were discussed through newspapers, journals and books.
6. Print created new reading publics and allowed debates to spread beyond small elite circles.
Therefore, print culture became an important means of social criticism, education and expression for groups that had previously had less access to public debate.
Short Answer Questions – 3 Marks
Q6. How did the First World War help in the growth of the National Movement in India?
1. The war created major economic and political pressures in India.
2. Taxes and prices increased, while shortages and hardships affected ordinary people.
3. Forced recruitment and wartime difficulties created resentment in many areas.
4. Political expectations also increased because Indians expected greater self-government after supporting the British war effort.
These conditions helped create a wider base for anti-colonial mobilisation and strengthened the national movement.
Q7. Why were Indians outraged by the Rowlatt Act?
The Rowlatt Act allowed the colonial government to repress political activities and detain political prisoners without the normal safeguards of a fair trial.
It was seen as an extension of wartime restrictions even after the war.
The Act therefore generated widespread anger and became a major cause of protest.
Q8. Why did Mahatma Gandhi decide to withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement?
The movement was intended to remain a non-violent mass struggle.
At Chauri Chaura in 1922, protesters clashed with police and a police station was set on fire, resulting in deaths.
Gandhi believed that the movement was becoming violent and that people needed further preparation for disciplined non-violent struggle.
He therefore withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922.
Q9. Why did some industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe and Britain prefer hand labour over machines?
1. Labour was often available at relatively low cost.
2. Hand labour was useful when production required skilled workers and detailed work.
3. Machines could be expensive to purchase and maintain.
4. Demand for manufactured goods could fluctuate, so flexible labour could be economically useful.
Thus, mechanisation did not automatically make hand labour uneconomic in every industry.
Q10. Give two historical examples showing the impact of science and technology on food availability.
1. Improved transport, especially railways and steamships, made it possible to move food over long distances and connect producers with markets.
2. Refrigeration and improved preservation enabled perishable foods such as meat and other products to be transported over greater distances.
These developments connected distant food-producing regions with growing urban markets.
2. Geography – Most Repeated Questions
Long Answer Questions – 4 / 5 Marks
Q11. How have technical and economic developments led to more consumption of resources?
1. Technological development has increased the ability to extract, process and use natural resources.
2. Industrialisation requires large quantities of minerals, energy, water and other raw materials.
3. Economic development increases production and consumption, which raises demand for resources.
4. Urbanisation and population growth increase demand for housing, transport, infrastructure and energy.
5. Modern agriculture uses irrigation, machinery, fertilisers and energy-intensive inputs.
Therefore, technical capacity and economic growth can increase resource consumption, making conservation and resource planning essential.
Q12. Name the major types of soil found in India. Discuss black soil and measures to control soil erosion in hilly areas.
Major soil groups: alluvial, black, red and yellow, laterite, arid and forest/mountain soils are commonly identified in school-level Indian geography.
Black soil: it is associated especially with the Deccan region, has high clay content, retains moisture well and is particularly suitable for crops such as cotton.
Soil erosion in hilly areas: terrace farming reduces the speed of runoff; contour ploughing follows contour lines; afforestation and grass cover help bind soil; controlled grazing reduces removal of vegetation.
The basic aim is to reduce runoff speed, maintain vegetation and prevent the removal of the fertile topsoil.
Q13. Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice or wheat.
Rice: requires a high-temperature growing season, substantial water availability and, in many regions, fertile alluvial or suitable clayey soils. It grows well in areas with high rainfall or assured irrigation.
Wheat: generally requires a cool growing season and a relatively dry, sunny period for ripening. It grows well in fertile, well-drained soils and benefits from irrigation in areas with limited rainfall.
In the exam, mention temperature, rainfall/water requirement, soil and major producing regions when specifically asked.
Short Answer Questions – 3 Marks
Q14. Distinguish between Kharif and Rabi crops.
| Kharif | Rabi |
|---|---|
| Generally sown with the onset of the monsoon. | Generally sown after the monsoon during the cooler season. |
| Harvested around the end of the monsoon/autumn season. | Harvested in spring or early summer. |
| Examples: rice, maize, cotton. | Examples: wheat, gram, mustard. |
Q15. Why does solar energy have a bright future in India?
1. India receives substantial solar radiation for much of the year.
2. Solar energy is renewable and reduces dependence on finite fossil fuels.
3. It can support decentralised electricity generation, including in areas where extending conventional grids is difficult.
Thus, abundant sunlight, renewable character and the potential for distributed generation make solar energy important for India’s future.
Q16. Why do we need to conserve mineral and energy resources?
Mineral and many conventional energy resources are finite and take extremely long periods to form.
Rapid extraction can cause depletion, environmental damage and pollution.
Conservation ensures availability for future generations and encourages efficient use and alternatives.
Q17. Describe the four types of coal found in India.
Peat: has the lowest degree of coalification and high moisture content.
Lignite: low-grade brown coal with relatively high moisture content.
Bituminous: a widely used grade with higher carbon content than lignite.
Anthracite: the highest-grade coal among these types, with high carbon content and relatively low moisture.
3. Political Science (Civics) – Most Repeated Questions
Long Answer Questions – 4 / 5 Marks
Q18. What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each.
1. Horizontal distribution: power is shared among legislature, executive and judiciary. Example: in India, different organs exercise different constitutional powers and checks.
2. Vertical distribution: power is shared among different levels of government, such as Union, State and local governments.
3. Among social groups: representation and arrangements can give different communities a voice in government. Example: reserved seats for certain socially disadvantaged groups.
4. Among political parties, pressure groups and movements: elections and democratic competition allow different political forces to influence government decisions.
Power sharing reduces concentration of power and supports participation and stability in a democracy.
Q19. State one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an Indian example.
Prudential reason: sharing power reduces the possibility of social conflict and political instability because different groups receive a stake in decision-making.
Moral reason: people affected by government decisions have a democratic right to participate in governance.
Indian context: federal arrangements allow different regions to participate through Union and State governments, while local self-government provides another level of participation.
Q20. How does democracy produce an accountable, responsive and legitimate government?
Accountable: elected representatives must answer to citizens through elections, public scrutiny and institutional procedures.
Responsive: governments face pressure to consider public needs, demands and grievances.
Legitimate: democratic governments are formed through regular elections based on the consent of citizens.
Democracy may involve delays because consultation and procedures take time, but these same processes provide checks, participation and legitimacy.
Short Answer Questions – 3 Marks
Q21. Classify Defence, Police, Agriculture, Education, Marriage and Banking into Union, State and Concurrent Lists.
Union List: Defence and Banking.
State List: Police and Agriculture.
Concurrent List: Education and Marriage.
These lists divide legislative responsibilities between the Union and State governments, with Concurrent subjects allowing both levels to legislate subject to constitutional rules.
Q22. What is a political party? State its main features, functions and challenges.
Meaning: a political party is a group of people who come together to contest elections and seek to hold political power through constitutional means.
Features/functions: contest elections, present policies and programmes, form and run governments, make laws through elected representatives and act as an opposition when out of power.
Challenges: lack of internal democracy, concentration of power in a few leaders, dynastic succession, money and muscle power, and limited meaningful choice in some electoral situations.
Q23. How are caste inequalities still continuing in India?
1. Social and economic inequalities remain associated with caste in some communities.
2. Access to education, employment, land and social opportunities can still be unequal.
3. Caste-based discrimination and social exclusion have not disappeared completely.
Constitutional equality, affirmative action and social reform have challenged these inequalities, but social change remains an ongoing process.
Q24. Mention two Constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.
1. The Constitution guarantees freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practise and propagate religion subject to constitutional limitations.
2. The state does not establish a particular religion as the official religion and the Constitution provides equality before law without discrimination on religious grounds.
These provisions support equal citizenship and religious freedom.
4. Economics & Disaster Management – J&K Specific Context
Long & Short Answer Questions – 3 / 4 / 5 Marks
Q25. Discuss the role of tourism as a service sector in generating employment and contributing to the economy of Jammu & Kashmir.
1. Tourism creates direct employment in hotels, restaurants, transport, guiding and travel services.
2. It creates indirect employment through handicrafts, local food, agriculture-linked supply, retail and other supporting activities.
3. Tourist spending brings income to local businesses and service providers.
4. Tourism can encourage investment in infrastructure such as roads, accommodation and communication.
5. Cultural and natural attractions can provide livelihood opportunities in different regions.
Therefore, tourism can act as an important service-sector activity and source of livelihoods in J&K, while sustainable management is necessary to protect the environment and local culture.
Q26. Write a detailed note on the Handicraft and Handloom sector in J&K and discuss reasons for its slow growth/challenges.
The sector includes traditional skills and products such as carpets, shawls, embroidery, woodcraft and other hand-made goods.
Importance: it preserves cultural heritage, provides employment and can generate income from domestic and external markets.
Challenges: competition from machine-made products, changing consumer preferences, limited access to modern marketing, inconsistent market linkages, working-capital constraints and difficulties in reaching wider markets.
Improvement: skill development, quality improvement, branding, digital marketing, better market access and support for artisans can strengthen the sector.
The long-term growth of the sector depends on protecting traditional skills while improving productivity and market access.
Q27. What should be the role of a Search and Rescue Team during a disaster?
1. Quickly assess affected areas and identify people who need immediate rescue.
2. Search damaged buildings and other hazardous locations using trained procedures and equipment.
3. Rescue trapped or injured persons while following safety protocols.
4. Coordinate with police, fire services, medical teams and local administration.
5. Provide or facilitate first aid and safe evacuation to relief centres.
6. Maintain communication and report hazards such as unstable structures, fire, gas leaks or blocked routes.
The team must prioritise life safety, coordination, accurate information and responder safety.
Q28. What should be the role of the community during a disaster?
1. Follow official warnings and evacuation instructions.
2. Help children, older persons and people with disabilities reach safe locations.
3. Avoid rumours and share verified information.
4. Keep emergency supplies, first-aid materials and important contact information ready.
5. Support local relief and recovery efforts without entering unsafe areas or interfering with trained rescue teams.
A prepared and informed community can reduce risk before, during and after a disaster.
Q29. Describe key mineral wealth and resources of Jammu & Kashmir, including examples such as coal at Kalakote, sapphire at Padder and limestone.
Coal: coal deposits have historically been associated with areas such as Kalakote in the Jammu region.
Sapphire: the Padder/Paddar area is known for sapphire occurrences and is an important example of J&K’s gemstone resources.
Limestone: limestone is an important mineral resource used as an industrial and construction raw material.
Other mineral resources occur in different parts of the region and support construction and other economic activities.
For a board answer, reproduce the examples and locations given in the prescribed J&K study material or textbook.
Highest-Priority Revision Areas
| Subject | First-priority topics | What to practise |
|---|---|---|
| History | French Revolution, Balkans, 1848 Liberals, Unification, Print Culture | 4/5-mark structured answers with dates, people and causes |
| Geography | Resources, Soil, Agriculture, Energy | Differences, conditions, conservation measures and examples |
| Civics | Power Sharing, Democracy, Federalism, Political Parties | Definitions, forms, reasons, examples and constitutional lists |
| Economics/J&K DM | Tourism, Handloom/Handicraft, Disaster Response, Minerals | Point-wise local-context answers and role/responsibility questions |
Social Science Board-Exam Revision Checklist
- For 4/5-mark questions, use 5–7 logically ordered points instead of one long paragraph.
- Underline key names, dates, terms and constitutional words where appropriate.
- For Geography, include examples and conditions rather than only definitions.
- For Civics, write the concept first and then add the example or constitutional basis.
- For J&K-specific questions, learn locations and examples exactly from the prescribed material.
- Practise comparison questions in a two-column format.
- Revise short-answer questions separately so that 3-mark answers remain focused.
- Use the provided PYQ analysis as a priority guide, not as a guarantee that the same questions will appear.
Exam-writing rule: Start with the direct answer, organise the explanation into numbered points, include relevant examples, and finish with a clear concluding line. For questions asking “why”, write causes; for “differentiate”, use a table; for “describe”, cover the main features systematically.
Conclusion
Revise these PYQ-based Social Science questions with point-wise answers, examples and J&K-specific context. The list is a priority guide, not a guarantee of exact exam questions.
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